O que é patologia?

PSICOLOGIA SOL E LUA 80 comentários

Tempo de leitura: 1 minuto

O termo “patologia” origina-se do grego (“pathos” = sofrimento, doença; “logia” = estudo).

Apesar do significado, o estudo da patologia é voltado para analisar as mudanças que doenças podem causar nas células, tecidos e órgãos. Portanto, a patologia é a base científica da medicina que tem como função explicar os mecanismos que levam o desenvolvimento de sinais e sintomas de uma enfermidade.

Na psicologia, esse conceito é muito mais amplo e complexo, que envolve diversas áreas do conhecimento que vai desde as disciplinas biológicas e as neurociências, podemos até mesmo citar outras áreas de estudo, como a sociologia, filosofia, linguística entre outros. O objetivo na psicologia é estudar os estados psíquicos do sofrimento mental.

A psicopatologia se divide em dois segmentos: as explicativas – quais existem supostas explicações, de acordo com conceitos teóricos – e a psicopatologia descritiva – que consiste da descrição e da categorização precisas de experiências anormais informadas pelo paciente e observadas em comportamento. Entenda a diferença entre ambas.

A psicopatologia descritiva baseia-se em modelos teóricos ou descobertas experimentais que tentam explicar as origens e causas dos transtornos mentais. Podem seguir uma orientação psicodinâmica ou cognitiva, existencial, biológica ou social. 

A psicopatologia descritiva consiste, portanto, em duas partes distintas:  observação comportamental e  avaliação empírica de experiências subjetivas. Em outras palavras, o conceito de empatia na psicopatologia descritiva é uma ferramenta clínica que deve ser utilizada com habilidade para medir o estado subjetivo interno dos outros.

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